SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
  • is a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications systems that support business operations, improve productivity, and help managers make decisions
  • employers must compete to hire the best and brightest people they can find
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
  • A system is a set of related components that produces specific results
  • Companies support their business operations with information systems that manage data and information
  • Every system requires some form of input data
  • data consists of basic facts that are the system's raw material
  • ORDER ENTRY SYSTEM


  • Information is data that has been changed into a useful form of output
  • The task of changing data into information is called processing
FIVE KEY COMPONENTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM
  • hardware
  • software
  • data
  • processes
  • people
CHRACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
  1. Does this system interact with other systems?
  • interactivity, reliability, and profitability
  1. What are the system’s boundaries?
  • indicates where one system ends and another system begins
  • scope of your system
  1. Will the system handle specialized business needs?
  • unique for their company
  1. What size are the company, and what growth is forecast?
  • goals and requirements

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

  1. ENTERPRISE COMPUTING SYSTEMS (ECS)
  • supports company wide data management requirements
  • improves data security and reliability by imposing a company-wide framework for data access and storage
    • Airline reservation and credit card billing system
    • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
      • Provide cost-effective data access for users and managers throughout the company
      • A car rental company can use ERP to forecast customer demand for rental cars at hundreds of locations.
  1. TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)
  • operational systems
  • they process data generated by day-to-day business operations
  • captures necessary data and triggers a set of updates when a specific transaction occurs, such as a sales order
  • involve very large amounts of data
  • process a set of transaction-related commands as a group rather than individually
  • systems also ensure that if any one element of a transaction fails, the system cannot process the rest of the transaction.
    • customer billing, accounts receivable, and warranty claim processing
  1. BUSINESS SUPPORT SYSTEMS (BSS)
  • provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company
  • can analyze transactional data, generate information needed to manage and control business processes, and provide information that leads to better decision making
  • is decision support capability to conduct a what-if analysis
  1. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (KMS)
  • expert systems
  • simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules that determine how the knowledge is applied
  • clicking menus, typing keywords, or entering text questions in normal English phrases
  • do not make decisions based on common sense or intuition as humans do
  1. USER PRODUCTIVITY SYSTEMS (UPS)
  • provide employees at all organizational levels with a wide array of tools that can improve quality and job performance
  • Office works enhance user productivity
  • provide employees at all organizational levels with a wide array of tools that can improve quality and job performance
  1. INFORMATION SYSTEMS INTEGRATION (ISM)
  • combines all types of IS
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE


TOP MANAGEMENT
  • Strategic planning
  • Develop long-range plans, called strategic plans that define the company’s overall mission and goals
  • Focuses on issues that affect the company’s future survival and growth, including long-term IT plans
MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
  • Tactical Planning
  • focus their goals on a shorter time frame, usually ranging from one month to one year
  • They develop plans to achieve business objectives
  • Delegate authority and responsibility to team leaders or supervisors
LOWER MANAGEMENT
  • oversee operational employees and carry out day-to-day operational plans
  • coordinate operational tasks, make necessary decisions, and ensure that the right tools, materials, and training are available
OPERATIONAL EMPLOYEES
  • Performs routine functions
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS
  1. Modeling
  • produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that systems developers can analyze, test, and modify
  • Business or Requirements Model
  • Data Model
  • Object Model
  • Process Model
  1. Prototyping
  • creation of an early working version of the information system or its components
  1. Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE)
  • to help systems analysts develop and maintain information systems
  • provide an overall framework for systems development and support a wide variety of design methodologies,
  • Upper CASE
    • support the modeling process and produce a logical design of the information system
  • Lower CASE
    • speed the development process by generating source code based on the logical model
  1. Joint Application Development (JAD) and Rapid Applications Development (RAD)
  • waterfall model (step by step)
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES
  1. Structured Analysis
  • traditional systems development technique that is time-tested and easy to understand
  • SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle)
  1. Object-Oriented Analysis
  • combines data and the processes that act on the data into things called objects
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
  1. Planning
  2. Analysis
  3. Design
  4. Implementation
  5. Operation and Support

IT DEPARTMENT
  1. Project Manager
  2. Team Leader
  3. Lead Programmer
  4. Programmer / Software Engineer
  5. Systems Analyst
  6. Systems Designer
  7. Database Analyst
  8. Database Designer
  9. Network Administrator
  10. Quality Assurance Analyst / Software Tester
  11. Encoder
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES
  1. Planning
  2. Involve the Users Throughout the Development Process
  3. Listening is very important
  4. Use Project Management Tools to identify Tasks and Milestones
  5. Remain Flexible
  6. Develop Accurate Cost and Benefit Information

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